{"id":3326,"date":"2018-10-05T14:33:07","date_gmt":"2018-10-05T11:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/int.tdmu.edu.ua\/?p=3326"},"modified":"2018-10-05T14:33:07","modified_gmt":"2018-10-05T11:33:07","slug":"malaria-prevention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/malaria-prevention\/","title":{"rendered":"Malaria Prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Malaria prevention in the expatriate and long-term traveller<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The prevention of malaria in expatriates and long-term travellers is complex. The traveller&#8217;s doctor needs to consider the destination, the nature of the travel, the effectiveness and potential adverse effects of antimalarial medication, and the general health of the traveller. A preventative regimen can be devised combining several strategies including mosquito avoidance measures, chemoprophylaxis, emergency standby treatment and rapid self-diagnosis of malaria.<\/p>\n<p>In 1999, 3.2 million Australians travelled abroad, and travel to countries where malaria is endemic is becoming increasingly common. Each year an estimated 30 000 cases of malaria occur in non-immune travellers worldwide.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.org.au\/australian-prescriber\/articles\/malaria-prevention-in-the-expatriate-and-long-term-traveller#r1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Many people, including aid workers, missionaries, students and healthcare workers, are travelling to work and live in rural and remote malarial regions. The estimated mortality rate for falciparum malaria in non-immune adults is up to 5%, so the medical practitioner entrusted with providing safe and suitable travel health advice will need to carefully consider the need for antimalarial prophylaxis. When the traveller&#8217;s stay in an endemic area exceeds six months the issues can become quite complex.<\/p>\n<p>There is no perfect choice of antimalarial regimen for long-term travellers and expatriates. Prevention involves careful consideration of a number of factors, which include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the prevalent endemic malarial species &#8211; prophylaxis needs to be seriously considered for travel to areas with significant levels of\u00a0<em>Plasmodium falciparum<\/em>because of its associated mortality<\/li>\n<li>the susceptibility of malarial parasites to commonly used drugs &#8211; endemic chloroquine-resistant\u00a0<em> falciparum<\/em>reduces the effectiveness of chloroquine-based regimens<\/li>\n<li>the intensity of malaria transmission &#8211; the higher the intensity, the greater the need for antimalarial prophylaxis<\/li>\n<li>the risk of exposure &#8211; includes issues such as urban or rural residence, the type of accommodation and the proximity of mosquito breeding grounds<\/li>\n<li>the duration of stay &#8211; the longer one stays the greater the cumulative risk of contracting malaria, but also the greater the problems of compliance and adverse effects<\/li>\n<li>the seasonal pattern &#8211; if transmission is seasonal, prophylaxis may only be required during the malarial season<\/li>\n<li>the availability of reliable diagnostic tests and medical care for malaria &#8211; if these are lacking malaria poses a greater health risk and so there is a greater need for prophylaxis<\/li>\n<li>the potential adverse effects of the prophylactic medications &#8211; may affect their suitability for the individual traveller<\/li>\n<li>compliance issues &#8211; these need to be considered as the traveller may be better served by a less effective regimen that can be adhered to, than a more effective regimen that cannot<\/li>\n<li>the traveller&#8217;s characteristics &#8211; factors such as age, pregnancy, comorbidities and drug allergies all have a significant bearing on the choice of prophylaxis<\/li>\n<li>the traveller&#8217;s preference &#8211; this needs to be strongly considered as it has a vital bearing on the ultimate success of any prophylactic regimen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These issues need to be discussed openly with the traveller. A mutually acceptable plan for malaria prevention can then be developed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Remember that the smarter and clearer you will be to comply with the rules of malaria prevention, it will be less harmful for you to manage this dangerous illness!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malaria prevention in the expatriate and long-term traveller The prevention of malaria in expatriates and long-term travellers is complex. The traveller&#8217;s doctor needs to consider the destination, the nature of the travel, the effectiveness and potential adverse effects of antimalarial medication, and the general health of the traveller. A preventative regimen can be devised combining&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/malaria-prevention\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Malaria Prevention<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3320,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-announcements","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3326"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3326\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/int\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}