{"id":8923,"date":"2025-05-14T09:40:33","date_gmt":"2025-05-14T06:40:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/?p=8923"},"modified":"2025-05-14T16:41:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T13:41:53","slug":"%d1%96%d0%bb%d0%bb%d1%8f-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%97%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/2025\/05\/14\/%d1%96%d0%bb%d0%bb%d1%8f-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%97%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%bd\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0406\u043b\u043b\u044f \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">15 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f 2025 \u0440. \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f 180 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0406\u043b\u043b\u0456 \u0406\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0447\u0430 \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 (1845\u20141916) \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u043b\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image \">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized eplus-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"508\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/05\/foto_1_illya_mechnikov.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8924\" style=\"width:461px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/05\/foto_1_illya_mechnikov.jpg 508w, https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/05\/foto_1_illya_mechnikov-300x260.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\u0406\u043b\u043b\u044f \u0406\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0442\u0447\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044f\u043d\u0443 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432, \u0456\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u0454 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044c \u0443 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457. \u0423 1882 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0406. \u0406. \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0448\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0456 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044e \u0456\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443. \u0417\u0430 \u0446\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0454\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0457.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\u0414\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0406\u043b\u043b\u0456 \u0406\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0447\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430, \u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0456. \u0424\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0406. \u0406. \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0454\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438<strong> \u00ab\u0406\u043b\u043b\u044f \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044c, \u043b\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0442 \u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0457 \u0437 \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\" wp-block-file eplus-wrapper\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/05\/\u0406\u043b\u043b\u044f-\u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0406\u043b\u043b\u044f \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-a682cbf8-c95b-4c79-bdec-1a4487d2946e\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/05\/\u0406\u043b\u043b\u044f-\u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.pdf\">\u0406\u043b\u043b\u044f \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/05\/\u0406\u043b\u043b\u044f-\u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download 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\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u0406\u043b\u043b\u044f \u0406\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0442\u0447\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044f\u043d\u0443 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432, \u0456\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u0454 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044c \u0443 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457.&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/2025\/05\/14\/%d1%96%d0%bb%d0%bb%d1%8f-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%97%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%bd\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0406\u043b\u043b\u044f \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044c<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":69,"featured_media":8924,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[63],"class_list":["post-8923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-41","tag-63"],"gutentor_comment":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/69"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8923"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8923\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tdmu.edu.ua\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}